More than 30 years ago, R. Buckminster Fuller (see “The Life of R. Buckminster Fuller: 1895-1983“) received a patent for a system by which spherical structures could be formed from interconnecting triangles. Fuller’s development mimicked certain geometric solids that occur commonly in nature and were described long ago by the Greeks. Old ideas, perhaps, but the synthesis of these concepts into a modern building system offers some revolutionary advantages over conventional, rectilinear construction.
The term geodesic–which literally means “great circle”–has been familiar to cartographers (mapmakers) for centuries as the word for the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere. In itself, the word does little to describe a dome shell’s system of imitating great circles with interconnected straight lines, all of which are triangulated to give the building tremendous strength.
Actually, several factors help increase the integrity of a geodesic dome home. The quasi-round shape transmits loads evenly through the structure and to the foundation, while the fundamental three-sided framework makes use of the strongest and simplest method of connecting structural members. Then gravity pulls the dome together, placing all the parts in compression (and thereby taking advantage of the direction of greatest strength in most materials).
A geodesic dome house has so much inherent structural integrity that it requires substantially less material than does a cubic structure. (A light truck can haul the parts of a 35-foot-diameter unit to the building site, in one load.)
A geodesic structure is also more thermally efficient than a rectilinear building with the same insulation and square footage. (Depending on how the interior is utilized, a dome may have 30% less skin exposed to the elements than would a conventional house of similar size.) And the polygons of the shell–designers use various combinations of equilateral triangles–can all be built from conventional, linear materials!
Many owner-builders have also recognized that–though the fancy geometric patterns on a dome may look intimidatingly complicated–geodesic structures are actually quite easy to build. The lengths and angles of the polygons all break down into a few essential shapes, and the framing can be prepared in advance. So, once all the framework and joints have been cut, domes are often built in a day.
Of course, whatever the theoretical technical advantages of geodesics may be, most people who live in geodesic dome homes do so because they enjoy the experience of being inside a spherical building. There are probably just about as many explanations for why such formations are pleasant to be in as there are people who live in the unconventional dwellings. Indeed, there’s little question that as Fuller–the creator of geodesic structures–is considered to be a futurist, so the dome is bound to increasingly be one shape of things to come.
To give you an idea of some of the possibilities offered by geodesic domes, we’ve arranged to provide a peek at (and into) a particularly attractive and ambitious one: Ken Mizell’s dwelling, built by Dome Homes, Incorporated of Bellevue, Washington. Roger Clark’s photographs tell the story better than we ever could, but we couldn’t resist sharing some of the specifications that Roger passed on to us.
The three-storied Mizell dome, built over a full, finished basement with all-weather wood walls, encloses 4,400 square feet of living area, all within a rough circle with a diameter of only 45 feet! The geodesic arrangement consists of pentagons and hexagons formed from 60 triangles, but it doesn’t extend all the way to ground level. Rather, the dome is perched on a “riser wall” that helped the designers achieve a successful combination of diameter and ceiling height.
The five-bedroom dome home is warmed by a heat pump and two wood-burning fire places, and its owner claims that these appliances are never hard-pressed to keep the interior cozy. The cost of this spacious, energy-efficient home–a fully contracted $150,000–is comparable to that of standard “box” buildings in the area.
Naturally, there’s a wide range of prices and styles available to the prospective “dome owner” of today. So we’ve prepared a list of kit manufacturers to help you pick the style of geodesic living that may be just right for you!
Dome Kit Manufacturers
- Timberline Geodesics
- American Geodesics, Incorporated
- Cathedralite Domes, Incorporated
- Geodesic Dome Manufacturing Company, Incorporated
- Geodesic Domes, Incorporated
- Hexadome of America, Incorporated
- R.K. Maynor Company
- Monterey Domes
- Polydome Incorporated
- Puna Domes, Incorporated
- Synapse Domes, Incorporated
- TOP Domes
